Influence Of Transnational Actors On Foreign Policy

Influence Of transnational Actors On Foreign PolicyTo make reference to this getting even, is necessary bang the relevance of different actors in the global field, because the conception of the state as the only actor, now is not valid for the apparition of new actors, which play a important roles. For that reason, it is necessary take in depend those actors in the process of decision-making on a country. The focus of the article is in transnational actors, which arsehole be divided into 2 classes. The first ones be the Non-Governmental Organizations, which place great importance to growth and can settle in so galore(postnominal) aspects, because they can lapse interconnect persons, governments, and International organization. ONG is any non-profit pigeonholing of citizen volunteers, which is organize locally, nationally or internationally. With task-oriented and run by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a mannikin of services and humanitarian functions, bring cit izens issues to governments, monitor policies and encourage community participation. They provide analysis and expertise, serve as early warning mechanisms and help in monitor and implementing international agreements. NGOs atomic number 18 characterized by be pressure and influence groups in the international society and they atomic number 18 active in various fields because of the interests of nurse the environment, development, peacekeeping and human rights. While many countries receive with gratitude these services, the services provided by other NGOs ar often seen as barriers or attacks on the sovereignty of legitimate countries. In fact, given that NGOs catch no link with the policy of one country in particular, their independence or sotimes allows them to go against the policies implemented by some countries. One of the main NGO problems is the lack of international regulation, because they must have recognize of the good management, the reached goals, and they need to be regulated too, because frequently governments and people are not satisfied with their acts. The second topic are the Transnational Corporations in contradistinction to Non-governmental Organizations, TNC are corporations created for profit. They are gigantic factories that want to reach all countries, places in the instauration with the purpose of spread the power. The power is reflected in the influence that they have in the governments of all countries, industrialized and developing. They bring foreign direct investment that has benefits to countries. But are focus directly in the realization of economic activities in several countries, as well as joint development and implementation of a unified strategy, and to achieve it, have the ability to create a sphere of protection and promotion of individual human rights. Also Transnational Corporations activities have been criticized because of the affected in environmental stress and social changes and their great impact on the p olitics decisions to government protects their interests. All those aspects are reinforced in the article The Power of Transnational Corporations The economic and political powers bring the deepening of the disparity of wealth, impoverishment working conditions, corruption and pollution, deterioration of health and safety in production processes, loss of purpose for many workers in the world and the human rights violation 1. When the role of transnational actors is studied, it is every time more evident the influence in International Relations, because of the interdependence between all units in the system. The Non- Governmental Organizations have imposed new standards and codes of conduct as ethics, seals and certification. It is noted the need by an affirmation of international rectitude as they tend to weaken national labor codes, as well as trade unions. But the main reason for existence of an NGO is to kick upstairs education for development, development aid, that is, finan cial cooperation, the supply of equipment and technical assistance or support personnel, concerning about removing obstacles to socio-political, economic and physical, that prevent the development of human potential, particularly the well-nigh disadvantaged sectors of Third World countries. The ONG need bear some characteristics like internal structure, to have their origin in an agreement between states, to be a democratic organization, their fines are not a profit-driven, they must pursuing international interests and must be constituted in accordance with the laws of the home state. The weight can be seen in important NGOs like Greenpeace, International Amnesi, Human Rights Watch, CARE, Mdecins Sans forntires, Cruz Roja Internacional, WWF. Greenpeace for example is a is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behaviors, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace2. These types of Organization deed their influence throu gh oppression to reach the goals in front to environment. In United States Greenpeace has tardily led a campaign to end the marketing of overfished seafood populations in American supermarkets. As a result, Stop Shop and Giant Food are not selling Shark, Orange Roughy, and Chilean Sea Bass until the populations rebound3. Also had big challenges in case of Fisher Price in which the purpose was buy the farm several types of phthalates from toys and child- parcel out products. So With campaigns that help to spread information slightly the world, organization can play an important role in politics of governments that have influence in all countries because of the interdependence effects for commerce and shared politics. The organization gained attention by creating mind bombs, or strong, visual messages distilling their position on complex environmental issues4. Another example of influence is with the Mdecins Sans forntires is concerned about Armed conflict. Social violence, healt hcare exclusion and Natural disaster which have had goals like politics adopted in countries to fight against maternal health On April 27, 2010, the Sierra Leone government started implementing a policy of free healthcare for with child(predicate) women, breastfeeding mothers, and children under five. MSF welcomes the governments commitment to the new policy and hopes that this will improve the access to healthcare for these vulnerable groups5. With those distinctions it can see the importance of NGOs because some who work around the protection, promotion and preservation of the environment with sustainable development through international cooperation and some that work in areas of immigration and refugees, disabled, sick, infants, and family, all of those institutions are focusing in a objective, the only one objective is work for the welfare of the community, so, NGOs have emerged as a response to needs which the State does not satisfy. Society organized civil search and complem entary alternative solutions for the full development of these shortcomings. But some facts have made loss the credibility of the management of ONG because so many NGOs in some countries are making some corrupt practices, the funds acquired by international channels are often misused, and do not meet the targets set, decreasing the impact of these vulnerable society. UN Anti-corruption meeting develops worrisome trend Algerian NGO blocked and a Gabonese activist faces difficulties The Algerian government is closure attendance of an Algerian NGO from an upcoming UN anti-corruption summit. This is a deeply worrying development, according to the UNCAC Coalition, a group of over 200 organizations seeking implementation of the UN traffic pattern against Corruption (UNCAC)6. It is necessary remains have the integrity, authority and influence of NGO provided that is only achieved through transparency and good deeds. Another central issue is the importance of Transnational Corporations w hich has a very broad field of action, The area of influence of transnational corporations is not limited solely to the economic sector, but are linked to each other political and social processes. These companies are directly related to border trade, foreign investment, technology exchange, but there is a total feature to be recognized as a transnational corporation, is necessary for the company concerned has branches or Subsidiaries Outside of home country. According to a reading conducted by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations, it was established thatA transnational firm is defined as a company or group companies constituted by a parent company in accordance with law of a country which, from its headquarters abroad implants with its subsidiaries and direct investment (mergers, privatizations and acquisitions). With a global strategy designed to designed to remove any obstacle to the expansion and the free movement of powerful consortia and transnational mono polies7. These TNC have the capacity to exercise the effect to induce the increasing interdependence increasingly impossible for the countrys economic incoherence, its import and export processes because of its influence in places where they are established, since they are very whopping companies with high profits, bringing foreign direct investment the country, which brings benefits such as increased employment and capital also covers the financing requirements, stable cash flows that do not harm the economy by his stay in the country. Means more growth, more and more foreign exchange per capita income in the host country, and so does increase the chances of decrease in the poverty rate. On the other hand, opponents to the TNC have clear reason to discredit their activities, using the argument of the disadvantage in maintaining the rising market to compete to such large corporations as they have no capacity, no facilities and enjoy the competitiveness that they have acquired Over the years and have no influence on these countries trade policies. With so much power, these corporations can exclude and exercise their potential economies in developing countries more than developed countries with which negotiations conducted in standardized terms. In this context, TNCs are at the heart of the concerns of the world labor and environment. The reasons are mainly the followingAt the height of inequity on the planet are the CTN. The growth of economic operations of TNC in the decade that contrasted with the growth of poverty. In 2001, CTN, with 54 million workers at its subsidiaries abroad, sales were $ 19 billion, greater than that of Global exports of which, in turn, was for them to a third party8. The biggest problem with government is its inability to monopolize and regulate all activities that a TNC can develop, as it can be tell that they do not have an established global regulation issued by international standards or national norms constituted. The countries can be affected by the triangulation, regulative arbitrage, the ease of transferring production from one country to another, because when companies take advantage of its spreading on the international market can perform operations that benefit them but harm to small businesses national. It can be conclude the transnational actors have an essential and central character in the system because the globalization the market opens the conference and increasing interdependence, the unification of markets, societies and culture governments need make a transition in resources, influencing the government politics because of relations among other countries taking in account the shared problems, risks and rewards according to social, political and economic issues. All these aspects lead the government to design policies for better development and management of newly emerging phenomena in the field. Y so to counteract facts put at a disadvantage both the government in taxing domestic policy a s in the care of the industry as a vulnerable sector. In social terms the design of policies is even more important, the need for government to fight the interests of society, minimizing poverty and ameliorate quality of life of the inhabitants, which is threatened by some unregulated corporations that bring the benefits and reduce unemployment for nationals. On the other hand, there is great influence of NGOs face the get by for rights human, which arise, as a response to needs which the State does not satisfy. Civil society organizations are looking for alternative solutions and complementary to the full development of these shortcomings. No doubt that the function carried out with various projects to benefit promotes community development-oriented management. Pressures exerted by these organizations are governments reacting address problems identified, found and criticized by them.SOURCESHenderson, Conway W. International Relations, Conflict and Cooperation at the chip Of the 21st Century.Willets, P, Transnational Actors and International Organizations in global politics.Tamayo Franco, Rafael, Relaciones internacionales en contexto Complilador (Pages 51-60)Reina, Mauricio,Secretario Tcnico de la Misin de Poltica Exterior e Investigador Asociado de Fedesarrollo, Portafolio, Newspaper. April 17 2010.Greenpeace, (www.greenpeace.org), April 2010.UNCTAD, (www.unctad.org) April 2010.Oficina de Asistencia Tcnica Legislativa ,PROGRAMA DE FORTALECIMIENTO LEGISLATIVO, CONGRESO DE LA REPBLICA DE COLOMBIAUnited Nations, UNCTAD, Transnational Corporations, Volume 17, Number 3, December 2008.Zubizarreta, Juan Hernandez, Modificaciones normativas, Empresas transnacionales, desarrollo y soberania.Medecins sans frontiere, (http//www.msf.org/) April 2010.